Customization: | Available |
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Material: | Stainless Steel |
Usage: | for Manufacture, Incineration Destruction |
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Overall introduction of incinerator
Incinerator is an environmental protection equipment that treats various types of waste (domestic waste, industrial hazardous waste, medical waste, etc.) through high-temperature oxidation. Its core goal is to convert organic waste into carbon dioxide and water, and at the same time achieve pollutant emission reduction and energy recovery through advanced technology. The following systematically introduces the incinerator from multiple dimensions:
1. Definition and core functions
Definition: Incinerator is a comprehensive treatment system that uses high-temperature (usually ≥850ºC) combustion technology, combined with physical, chemical and automatic control methods to achieve waste reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization.
Core functions:
Reduction: 90% reduction in volume and 70% reduction in weight.
Harmlessness: decomposition of dioxins, killing pathogens, and stabilizing heavy metals.
Resource utilization: waste heat power generation or heating to achieve energy recovery.
2. Working principle
High-temperature oxidation:
Organic matter is decomposed into CO, HO and heat in an oxygen-rich environment.
Pollutant control:
Dioxin: Synthesis is blocked by high temperature (≥850ºC) and sufficient residence time (≥2 seconds).
Acidic gases: lime slurry neutralizes SO and HCl.
Particles: Bag/electrostatic precipitator filtration.
3. Core component system
System module Main components Functional description
Pretreatment system Crusher, sorting equipment, garbage storage pit Crushing and classification to improve combustion uniformity
Combustion system Main combustion chamber, secondary combustion chamber, burner, grate/rotary kiln/fluidized bed High temperature decomposition of organic matter, complete incineration of harmful substances
Air supply and cooling Primary/secondary fan, air preheater, quenching tower Optimize combustion efficiency and prevent dioxin resynthesis
Emission control Bag filter, deacidification tower (dry/semi-dry/wet method), SCR/SNCR denitrification, activated carbon injection Remove particulate matter, acid gas, NOx and dioxin
Energy recovery Waste heat boiler, steam turbine generator set, heat exchanger Power generation or heating, improve energy utilization
Automation control PLC/DCS system, CEMS online monitoring, sensor network Real-time control of temperature, air volume, and emissions to ensure safe operation
Ash treatment Water-cooled slag discharger, fly ash solidification device Safe disposal of heavy metal residues
4. Main types and applicable scenarios
Type Structural features Applicable scenarios Advantages
Mechanical grate furnace Stepped grate pushes garbage Urban domestic waste, mixed waste Large processing capacity, suitable for complex components
Rotary kiln incinerator Inclined steel drum rotation (0.5-3 rpm) Hazardous waste, medical waste Fully mixed, good high temperature stability
Fluidized bed incinerator Sand layer fluidization, blast combustion Sludge, high calorific value industrial waste Uniform combustion, low temperature and low NOx emission
Plasma gasification furnace Plasma torch (>5000ºC) cracking waste Radioactive waste, extremely difficult to degrade substances Ultra-high temperature complete decomposition, no secondary pollution
V. Application field
Municipal field:
Treatment of urban domestic waste (average daily processing capacity of 100-3000 tons).
Case: Shanghai Laogang Incineration Plant (processing capacity of 6000 tons/day, power generation of 300 MW).
Industrial field:
Hazardous waste in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries (containing halogens and heavy metal waste).
Medical field:
High temperature sterilization of infectious medical waste (needles, pathological tissues, etc.).
Agricultural field:
Energy utilization of biomass waste such as animal carcasses and straw.
VI. Technical advantages and challenges
Advantages:
Rapid volume reduction: thousands of tons of waste can be processed per day, greatly reducing landfill pressure.
Energy regeneration: 1 ton of garbage generates about 300-600 kWh of electricity (equivalent to 0.3 tons of standard coal).
Strict environmental protection: The emission indicators of modern incineration plants are lower than the natural background value (such as dioxin concentration <0.1 ng TEQ/Nm³).
Challenges:
High investment cost: Construction cost is about 400,000-1 million yuan/ton of processing capacity (excluding land).
Operational complexity: Continuous monitoring of combustion parameters and pollutant emissions is required.
Public perception: "NIMBY effect" makes site selection difficult.
VII. Technical development trend
Ultra-low emission technology:
Coupling SCR+wet deacidification to achieve NOx<50 mg/Nm³ and SO<10 mg/Nm³.
Intelligent control:
AI algorithm optimizes combustion efficiency (such as predicting calorific value fluctuations and automatically adjusting air supply).
Low-carbon innovation:
Biomass coupled incineration (replacing fossil fuels), carbon capture and storage (CCS).
Small modular design:
Distributed treatment of medical or island waste (processing capacity 1-10 tons/day).
VIII. Typical process flow
Feeding: After crushing and sorting, the waste is sent into the furnace by a hydraulic push rod.
Combustion: Organic matter is decomposed in the main combustion zone (900ºC) → Secondary combustion chamber (1100ºC, 2 seconds) is completely oxidized.
Residue heat utilization: Flue gas is passed through the boiler to produce steam → Drive the steam turbine to generate electricity.
Purification and emission: Rapid cooling + deacidification + dust removal + denitrification → Clean gas is discharged through the chimney.
Residue treatment: Fly ash chelation and solidification, bottom ash is made into building materials or landfill.
Summary
As the core facility of modern waste management, the incinerator achieves a balance between pollution reduction and carbon reduction and energy recovery through high-temperature oxidation and multi-stage purification technology. Despite the challenges of cost and public acceptance, with the advancement of technology (such as near-zero emissions and intelligent operation and maintenance), its role in the global circular economy will continue to increase and become an important pillar of sustainable urban development.
Serial number | Parameter category | Parameter description | Typical range/value |
1 | Processing capacity | Amount of waste processed per day/hour | 0.5-1000 tons/day (differentiated by furnace type and application scenario) |
2 | Effective furnace volume | Volume of waste in the main combustion chamber | 5-500 m³ (proportional to the processing volume) |
3 | Combustion temperature | Temperature of the main combustion chamber | 800-1300ºC (higher temperature for hazardous waste incineration) |
4 | Flue gas residence time | Residence time of flue gas in the high temperature zone (≥850ºC) | ≥2 seconds (mandatory requirement) |
5 | Thermal efficiency | Energy conversion efficiency of waste heat recovery system | 20-30% (power generation efficiency) |
6 | Emission standard | Concentration of pollutants such as particulate matter, NOx, SO, dioxin, etc. | Comply with stringent standards such as EU 2010/75 and China GB 18485 |
7 | Material requirements | Material of furnace body, flue, key components | Carbon steel + refractory lining/stainless steel/heat-resistant alloy (selected by temperature) |
8 | Power requirements | Main combustion power + total power of auxiliary system | 0.5-50 MW (calculated based on processing volume and calorific value) |
9 | Occupancy area | Site required for the whole system (including pretreatment, combustion, tail gas treatment) | 500-50,000 m² (large incineration plants require garbage storage pits) |
10 | Fuel consumption | Amount of auxiliary fuel (natural gas/diesel) (for low calorific value waste) | 10-200 Nm³/h (adjusted by calorific value gap |
COMPANY PROFILE
Shandong Wanze Shengshi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. is located in the beautiful kite capital of Weifang. It is an environmental protection technology company specializing in environmental engineering and equipment research and development, production, sales, installation, debugging, after-sales service, and providing customers with overall sewage treatment solutions. With a market-oriented approach and high-tech research and development as the leader, the company has successively launched multiple industry-leading technologies in China. Greatly improving the service life of the equipment, reducing operating costs, and expanding the application of the equipment in difficult engineering fields. Our company's products have been widely applied in industries such as sewage treatment plants, hospital wastewater, aquaculture wastewater, industrial circulating cooling water, reclaimed water reuse, harmless treatment of chemical wastewater, food processing, etc., covering anaerobic fermentation biogas engineering for livestock manure, resource treatment engineering for kitchen waste, sewage treatment engineering, biogas desulfurization and purification engineering, organic fertilizer engineering, odor gas treatment engineering, etc. Due to its reasonable design, stable and reliable operation, high degree of automation, and good after-sales service, the product has won widespread praise from users in various industries.